Top 150+ Solved Renal MCQ Questions Answer
Q. Regarding renal handling of phosphate, which is INCORRECT?
a. no tubular secretion occurs
b. most reabsorption occurs actively in proximal tubule
c. parathyroid hormone inhibits tubular reabsorption
d. less than 5% of filtered load is excreted
e. phosphate is a much more powerful buffer in tubular fluid than in blood
Q. Regarding renal handling of hydrogen ion, which is INCORRECT?
a. acetazolamide decreases tubular secretion
b. aldosterone increases distal tubular secretion
c. much more acid secretion occurs in proximal than distal tubule
d. lowest tubular fluid pH achievable is 4.5
e. secondary active transport mechanism operates in distal tubule
Q. In diabetes insipidis:
a. percentage of filtered water reabsorbed is increased compared to normal
b. there is a net gain of water in excess of solute (L/day)
c. urine volume (L/day) is decreased
d. urine concentration (msom/L) is markedly reduced
e. glomerular flow (ml/min) is increased
Q. Which site of diuretic action is INCORRECT?
a. antidiuretic hormone antagonists act in collecting duct
b. loop agents act in thin ascending limb
c. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act in proximal tubule
d. thiazides act in early distal tubule
e. aldosterone antagonists act in cortical collecting tubule
Q. Which of the following statements regarding angiotensin is INCORRECT?
a. angiotensin II has a half-life of about 1-2 minutes
b. angiotensin I is physiologically inactive
c. angiotensin III has equivalent pressor activity to angiotensin II
d. angiotensinogen mainly comes from the liver
e. angiotensin converting enzyme is a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase angiotensin converting enzyme
Q. Regarding renal tubular function:
a. Na+ is actively transported out of the thin portions of the loop of Henle
b. Na+ -K+ ATPase pumps Na+ out of the renal tubule
c. Cl- is transported only by co-transport
d. glucose is reabsorbed mainly in the distal tubule
e. penicillin is not actively secreted into tubular fluid
Q. Regarding the actions of angiotensin II, which is INCORRECT?
a. selective renal efferent arteriolar constriction
b. acts on CNS without crossing blood-brain barrier
c. contract mesangial cells
d. direct positive chronotropic action on heart
e. increases conversion of cholesterol to pregnenelone
Q. Normal values for renal function include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. filtration fraction =0.2
b. 22% of cardiac output
c. GFR = 180 litres/day
d. RPF = 900 litres/day
e. Tm glucose = 450 mg/minute
Q. Regarding renal handling of potassium, which is INCORRECT?
a. 10 to 15% of filtered load may be excreted in urine
b. two potassium per sodium are reabsorbed in thick ascending limb
c. excretion decreased in acidosis
d. distal tubular secretion is capable of “adaptation” depending on demand
e. aldosterone increases distal tubular secretion in exchange for sodium
Q. Regarding the kidney:
a. prostaglandins decrease blood flow in renal cortex
b. acetylcholine produces renal vasoconstriction
c. angiotensin II causes constriction of efferent arterioles
d. angiotensin II causes constriction of afferent arterioles
e. glomerular capillary pressure normally is about 100mmHg
Q. Glucose reabsorption is most marked in which segment of the glomerulus?
a. the proximal convoluted tubule
b. the distal convoluted tubule
c. the descending loop of Henle
d. the ascending loop of Henle
e. the collecting system
Q. Why is NSAIDs use a relative contraindication in patients with chronic renal failure?
a. direct toxic effects on proximal tubule
b. direct toxic effects on collecting ducts
c. indirect toxic effects on loop of Henle
d. inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis which is an important regulator of renal blood flow in arterioles
e. inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis which is an important regulator of renal blood flow in main renal arteries
Q. Characteristics of a substance suitable for measuring GFR do NOT include:
a. freely filtered
b. not toxic
c. no effect on filtration rate
d. not metabolised
e. of low molecular weight
Q. Amino acid reabsorption is most marked in which segment of the glomerulus?
a. the proximal convoluted tubule
b. the distal convoluted tubule
c. the descending loop of Henle
d. the ascending loop of Henle
e. the collecting duct
Q. Which of the following substances would NOT cause contraction of mesangial cells?
a. angiotensin II
b. dopamine
c. vasopressin
d. histamine
e. platelet activating factor