Top 150+ Solved Renal MCQ Questions Answer
Q. The cortical portion of the collecting duct has the capacity to reabsorb approximately 10% of the filtered water. Which substance is most important in regulating this effect?
a. angiotensin II
b. histamine
c. vasopressin
d. sodium
e. prostaglandins
Q. With respect to GFR:
a. clearance of p-amino hippuric acid is used to determine GFR
b. inulin cannot be used to measure GFR
c. GFR is usually reduced in ureteric obstruction
d. filtration pressure changes with change in blood pressure
e. contraction of mesangial cells increases GFR
Q. With respect to the loop of Henle:
a. the ascending limb is highly permeable to water
b. the descending limb is impermeable to water
c. the thick ascending limb co-transports sodium, potassium and chloride out of the lumen
d. tubular fluid becomes concentrated as it passes through the ascending limb
e. the ascending limb removes approximately 15% of filtered water
Q. Mesangial cells:
a. are specialised cells that are characterised by numerous pseudopodia
b. are made to contract by dopamine
c. are made to contract by angiotensin II
d. lie within the renal medulla
e. decrease the area for filtration when they relax
Q. Regarding the proximal tubule, the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. sodium is co-transported out of the tubule with glucose
b. sodium is actively transported into the intercellular spaces by Na-K-ATPase
c. the cells are characterised by a brush border and tight junctions
d. vasopressin increases the permeability to water by causing the rapid insertion of water channels into the luminal membrane
e. water moves passively out of the tubule along osmotic gradients
Q. Renal autoregulation of GFR helps prevent large fluctuations in GFR despite wide variations in arterial blood pressure. With regard to autoregulation, which is TRUE?
a. the macula densa cells sense change in afferent arteriolar pressure
b. falling GFR results in a feedback to decrease efferent arteriolar pressure
c. falling GFR results in an increase in renin secretion from macula densa cells
d. decreased macula densa concentration of NaCl results in dilatation of afferent arterioles
e. decreased GFR decreases NaCl reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
Q. Aldosterone has its principle effect in the:
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. descending loop of Henle
c. thick ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting ducts
Q. 85% of NaHCO3 in the filtrate is reabsorbed in the:
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. descending loop of Henle
c. thick ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting ducts
Q. Thiazide diuretics exert their main effect in the:
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. descending loop of Henle
c. thick ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting ducts
Q. Ethacrynic acid exerts its principle effect in the:
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. descending loop of Henle
c. thick ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting ducts
Q. When considering fluid balance, which of the following is INCORRECT?
a. the minimum daily fluid output may normally be estimated by measuring the urine output and adding 500ml
b. urine output is always the single largest contributor to fluid output
c. fluid intake and output may be altered in response to a change in extracellular osmolarity
d. fluid intake and output may be altered in response to a change in extracellular volume
e. the hypothalamus is an important regulator of fluid intake
Q. Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythropoietin secretion?
a. cobalt salts
b. thromboxanes
c. androgens
d. adenosine
e. prostaglandins
Q. Glomerular filtration rate is best measured using:
a. inulin
b. glucose
c. PAH
d. urea
e. creatinine
Q. “Renal dose” dopamine increases glomerular filtration rate by:
a. dilating the renal arteries
b. dilating the vasa recta
c. constricting the efferent arteriole
d. relaxing glomerular perivascular mesangial cells
e. all of the above
Q. Regarding the kidney:
a. the glomerular filtration rate is 125mls/hr
b. the renal threshold for glucose 300mg/dL
c. glucose transport is an example of secondary active transport
d. the blood flow in the renal medulla is greater than in renal cortex
e. a high protein diet decreases renal blood flow