Top 150+ Solved Renal MCQ Questions Answer
Q. Which substance is 60 times more concentrated in urine than in plasma?
a. glucose
b. creatinine
c. sodium
d. urea
Q. Regarding the anatomy of the kidney:
a. the afferent arteriole is smaller than the efferent
b. the kidney contains 1.3 million nephrons
c. there are three layers separating the blood in the arteriole from the glomerular filtrate
d. podocytes are contractile and regulate GFR
Q. Regarding the glomerulus filtration fx:
a. it allows passage of molecules up to 4nm diameter freely, and up to 8nm with some difficulty depending on charge
b. positively charged molecules pass more easily than neutral
c. endothelial pores have a greater diameter than podocyte filtration slits
d. the basal lamina contains interruptions
Q. The renal tubule:
a. all sections are lined with cuboidal epithelial cells with luminal microvilli
b. the thick loop of Henle rises to lie adjacent to its glomerulus
c. there are a greater number of juxtamedullary nephrons than cortical
d. the lacis cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin
Q. Regarding glomerular blood supply:
a. the efferent arterioles are branches of the interlobular arterioles
b. the descending vasa recta vessels contain fenestrated endothelium to assist urea transport
c. the efferent arterioles empties into the peritubular network
d. the glomerular capillaries drain into the efferent vein
Q. If [urine]PAH = 14mg/ml, urine flow = 0.9ml/min and [plasma]PAH = 0.02mg/mli) What is the clearance of PAH? ii) If the extraction ratio of PAH is 0.9, what is the renal blood flow (Hct=45%)?
a. ClPAH = 630, renal blood flow = 1273ml/min
b. ClPAH = 630, renal blood flow = 700mb/min
c. ClPAH = 77, renal blood flow = 155mb/min
d. ClPAH = 777mb/min, renal blood flow = 1569mb/min
Q. Renal blood pressure:
a. the pressure drop across the glomerulus is about 20mmHg
b. pressure in the renal vein is about 15mmHg
c. the glomerular capillary pressure is about 80% that of arterial
d. the greatest drop in pressure (percentage wise) is from the efferent arteriole to the peritubular capillary
Q. The glomerular filtration rate:
a. is usually in the order of 125mL/min for an average healthy male
b. is equal to the clearance of creatinine
c. is indirectly related to filtration coefficient
d. is determined by [urine]inulin
Q. Which of the following will cause an increase in GFR?
a. dehydration
b. ureteral obstruction
c. afferent arteriole constriction
d. hypoproteinaemia
Q. Na+ resorption does not occur in which part of the nephron?
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. thin descending loop of Henle
c. thick ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting duct
Q. Which is NOT resorbed via cotransport with Na+ in the PCT?
a. lactate
b. phosphate
c. hydrogen
d. amino acids
e. collecting duct
Q. Fanconi’s syndrome of decreased levels of ATP in the tubular epithelium of the PCT:
a. decreases Na+ extrusion from the cell into the interstitium
b. causes increased phosphate absorption
c. causes metabolic alkalosis
d. results in decreased amino acid excretion
e. collecting duct
Q. Anti-diuretic hormone controls the concentration of urine,
a. and can concentrate urine to up to 2500mosm/kg H??? H2O
b. in its absence, the collecting duct is impermeable to water
c. causing the ultimate resorption of up to 99.7% of the filtrate
d. by causing upregulation of aquaporin-1 channels
e. collecting duct
Q. In the nervous control of the bladder which nerves do NOT play a role in micturition?
a. sympathetic nerves from L2 in hypogastric nerve
b. somatic motor neurons in pudendal nerve
c. sensory neurons to S2/3 in pelvic nerves
d. parasympathetic supply in pelvic nerves
e. collecting duct
Q. Which is the least significant buffering system in the blood?
a. H+ + plasma protein HProt
b. H+ +HPO4 2- H2PO4-
c. H+ + HCO3 - H2CO3
d. H+ + Hb HHb
e. collecting duct