Top 150+ Solved Renal MCQ Questions Answer
Q. Which of the following substances is not excreted by the kidney in a normal adult on an average diet?
a. K+
b. uric acid
c. creatinine
d. glucose
e. urea
Q. Which of the following statements regarding erythropoietin is INCORRECT in an adult?
a. half-life of about 5 hours
b. hypoxia can increase secretion within minutes
c. is secreted by spleen and salivary glands
d. is secreted in adequate amounts by liver in absence of kidneys
e. is a glycoprotein
Q. “Renal dose” dopamine is:
a. 1-2 mcg/kg/min
b. 1-5 mcg/kg/min
c. 1-10 mcg/kg/min
d. 1-20 mcg/kg/min
e. greater than 20 mcg/kg/min
Q. Frusemide acts as a diuretic primarily by:
a. inhibiting Na+ /K+ /Cl- co-transport in loop of Henle
b. inhibiting action of vasopressin on collecting duct
c. decreasing H+ secretion with resultant increase in Na+/K+ excretion
d. inhibiting vasopressin secretion
e. inhibiting Na+/K+ exchange in collecting ducts by inhibiting the action of aldosterone
Q. Regarding the osmolality of renal tubular fluid, is it?
a. hypotonic in loop of Henle
b. isotonic in proximal tubule
c. hypertonic in distal tubule
d. hypotonic in collecting duct
e. hypotonic in proximal tubule
Q. Which of the following statements regarding renal tubular glucose absorption isINCORRECT?
a. binds to SGLT-2 in luminal membrane
b. example of secondary active transport
c. transported out of luminal cell by GLUT-2
d. about 100% reabsorption in proximal tubule if less than transport maximum
e. linked to sodium reabsorption
Q. Which of the following does NOT increase renal tubular sodium reabsorption?
a. cortisol
b. oestrogen
c. growth hormone
d. insulin
e. glucagon
Q. Regarding renal handling of glucose, which is INCORRECT?
a. transport maximum varies depending on sex
b. proximal tubular absorption is an example of a symport mechanism
c. not all nephrons handle glucose filtration and reabsorption equally
d. phlorhizin inhibits distal tubular reabsorption
e. GLUT-2 transports glucose into interstitial fluid
Q. Regarding renal handling of sodium, which is INCORRECT?
a. more than 95% of filtered sodium is reabsorbed
b. proximal tubular reabsorption is an example of secondary active transport
c. aldosterone increases reabsorption despite increasing GFR
d. glucocorticoids may increase or decrease urinary excretion
e. renal oxygen consumption is directly proportional to sodium reabsorption
Q. Which of the following agents cause relaxation of mesangial cells of the glomerulus?
a. angiotensin II
b. dopamine
c. endothelins
d. vasopressin
e. noradrenaline
Q. Regarding renal handling of bicarbonate ion, which is INCORRECT?
a. small size of bicarbonate ion affects reabsorption
b. reabsorption is reciprocally related to chloride ion reabsorption in proximal tubule
c. most reabsorption occurs in proximal tubule
d. reabsorption requires carbonic anhydrase
e. reabsorption is decreased by ECF expansion
Q. Regarding renal handling of ammonia, which is INCORRECT?
a. ammonia is not filtered at the glomerulus
b. ammonia is synthesised in proximal and distal tubules
c. glutaminase plays a role in ammonia excretion
d. non-ionic diffusion of ammonia maintains a concentration gradient for further diffusion
e. ammonia diffusion can increase up to 30 fold
Q. Regarding renal handling of calcium, which is INCORRECT?
a. metabolic acidosis decreases reabsorption
b. growth hormone increases reabsorption
c. calcium is actively reabsorbed
d. about 60% of filtered calcium load is reabsorbed in proximal tubules
e. glucocorticoids increase calcium reabsorption
Q. Regarding renal handling of chloride, which is INCORRECT?
a. about 25% of filtered load is actively reabsorbed in thick ascending limb
b. proximal tubular reabsorption is reciprocally related to bicarbonate reabsorption
c. it is actively secreted in distal tubule
d. two chloride per sodium are reabsorbed in thick ascending limb
e. chloride-hydroxide antiport are present in the kidney
Q. Regarding glomerular filtration:
a. the glomerular filtration rate varies les than the renal plasma flow
b. inulin is stored in the kidney
c. sialoproteins in the glomerular capillary wall are positively charged
d. dopamine causes contraction of mesangial cells
e. changes in renal blood flow do not affect glomerular filtration rate