Top 550+ Solved Physiology MCQ Questions Answer

a. transport maximum varies depending on sex

b. proximal tubular absorption is an example of a symport mechanism

c. not all nephrons handle glucose filtration and reabsorption equally

d. phlorhizin inhibits distal tubular reabsorption

e. GLUT-2 transports glucose into interstitial fluid

a. more than 95% of filtered sodium is reabsorbed

b. proximal tubular reabsorption is an example of secondary active transport

c. aldosterone increases reabsorption despite increasing GFR

d. glucocorticoids may increase or decrease urinary excretion

e. renal oxygen consumption is directly proportional to sodium reabsorption

a. angiotensin II

b. dopamine

c. endothelins

d. vasopressin

e. noradrenaline

a. small size of bicarbonate ion affects reabsorption

b. reabsorption is reciprocally related to chloride ion reabsorption in proximal tubule

c. most reabsorption occurs in proximal tubule

d. reabsorption requires carbonic anhydrase

e. reabsorption is decreased by ECF expansion

a. ammonia is not filtered at the glomerulus

b. ammonia is synthesised in proximal and distal tubules

c. glutaminase plays a role in ammonia excretion

d. non-ionic diffusion of ammonia maintains a concentration gradient for further diffusion

e. ammonia diffusion can increase up to 30 fold

a. metabolic acidosis decreases reabsorption

b. growth hormone increases reabsorption

c. calcium is actively reabsorbed

d. about 60% of filtered calcium load is reabsorbed in proximal tubules

e. glucocorticoids increase calcium reabsorption

a. about 25% of filtered load is actively reabsorbed in thick ascending limb

b. proximal tubular reabsorption is reciprocally related to bicarbonate reabsorption

c. it is actively secreted in distal tubule

d. two chloride per sodium are reabsorbed in thick ascending limb

e. chloride-hydroxide antiport are present in the kidney

a. the glomerular filtration rate varies les than the renal plasma flow

b. inulin is stored in the kidney

c. sialoproteins in the glomerular capillary wall are positively charged

d. dopamine causes contraction of mesangial cells

e. changes in renal blood flow do not affect glomerular filtration rate

a. no tubular secretion occurs

b. most reabsorption occurs actively in proximal tubule

c. parathyroid hormone inhibits tubular reabsorption

d. less than 5% of filtered load is excreted

e. phosphate is a much more powerful buffer in tubular fluid than in blood

a. acetazolamide decreases tubular secretion

b. aldosterone increases distal tubular secretion

c. much more acid secretion occurs in proximal than distal tubule

d. lowest tubular fluid pH achievable is 4.5

e. secondary active transport mechanism operates in distal tubule

a. percentage of filtered water reabsorbed is increased compared to normal

b. there is a net gain of water in excess of solute (L/day)

c. urine volume (L/day) is decreased

d. urine concentration (msom/L) is markedly reduced

e. glomerular flow (ml/min) is increased

a. antidiuretic hormone antagonists act in collecting duct

b. loop agents act in thin ascending limb

c. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act in proximal tubule

d. thiazides act in early distal tubule

e. aldosterone antagonists act in cortical collecting tubule

a. angiotensin II has a half-life of about 1-2 minutes

b. angiotensin I is physiologically inactive

c. angiotensin III has equivalent pressor activity to angiotensin II

d. angiotensinogen mainly comes from the liver

e. angiotensin converting enzyme is a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase angiotensin converting enzyme

a. Na+ is actively transported out of the thin portions of the loop of Henle

b. Na+ -K+ ATPase pumps Na+ out of the renal tubule

c. Cl- is transported only by co-transport

d. glucose is reabsorbed mainly in the distal tubule

e. penicillin is not actively secreted into tubular fluid

a. selective renal efferent arteriolar constriction

b. acts on CNS without crossing blood-brain barrier

c. contract mesangial cells

d. direct positive chronotropic action on heart

e. increases conversion of cholesterol to pregnenelone