Top 550+ Solved Physiology MCQ Questions Answer

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. descending loop of Henle

c. thick ascending loop of Henle

d. distal convoluted tubule

e. collecting ducts

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. descending loop of Henle

c. thick ascending loop of Henle

d. distal convoluted tubule

e. collecting ducts

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. descending loop of Henle

c. thick ascending loop of Henle

d. distal convoluted tubule

e. collecting ducts

a. the minimum daily fluid output may normally be estimated by measuring the urine output and adding 500ml

b. urine output is always the single largest contributor to fluid output

c. fluid intake and output may be altered in response to a change in extracellular osmolarity

d. fluid intake and output may be altered in response to a change in extracellular volume

e. the hypothalamus is an important regulator of fluid intake

a. cobalt salts

b. thromboxanes

c. androgens

d. adenosine

e. prostaglandins

a. inulin

b. glucose

c. PAH

d. urea

e. creatinine

a. dilating the renal arteries

b. dilating the vasa recta

c. constricting the efferent arteriole

d. relaxing glomerular perivascular mesangial cells

e. all of the above

a. the glomerular filtration rate is 125mls/hr

b. the renal threshold for glucose 300mg/dL

c. glucose transport is an example of secondary active transport

d. the blood flow in the renal medulla is greater than in renal cortex

e. a high protein diet decreases renal blood flow

a. K+

b. uric acid

c. creatinine

d. glucose

e. urea

a. half-life of about 5 hours

b. hypoxia can increase secretion within minutes

c. is secreted by spleen and salivary glands

d. is secreted in adequate amounts by liver in absence of kidneys

e. is a glycoprotein

a. 1-2 mcg/kg/min

b. 1-5 mcg/kg/min

c. 1-10 mcg/kg/min

d. 1-20 mcg/kg/min

e. greater than 20 mcg/kg/min

a. inhibiting Na+ /K+ /Cl- co-transport in loop of Henle

b. inhibiting action of vasopressin on collecting duct

c. decreasing H+ secretion with resultant increase in Na+/K+ excretion

d. inhibiting vasopressin secretion

e. inhibiting Na+/K+ exchange in collecting ducts by inhibiting the action of aldosterone

a. hypotonic in loop of Henle

b. isotonic in proximal tubule

c. hypertonic in distal tubule

d. hypotonic in collecting duct

e. hypotonic in proximal tubule

a. binds to SGLT-2 in luminal membrane

b. example of secondary active transport

c. transported out of luminal cell by GLUT-2

d. about 100% reabsorption in proximal tubule if less than transport maximum

e. linked to sodium reabsorption

a. cortisol

b. oestrogen

c. growth hormone

d. insulin

e. glucagon