Top 550+ Solved Physiology MCQ Questions Answer
Q. The primary effect of angiotensin II on renal vasculature is:
a. constriction of efferent arterioles
b. enhanced prostaglandin mediated increased blood flow to the renal cortex
c. enhanced catecholamine mediated afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction
d. enhanced catecholamine mediated afferent vasodilatation
e. constriction of interlobular arteries
Q. What percentage of filtered sodium is reabsorbed by the kidney?
a. 1%
b. 93%
c. 99%
d. 50%
e. 100%
Q. Tuboglomerular feedback refers to:
a. the process of increased sodium reabsorption associated with an increased glomerular filtration
b. changes in peri-tubular oncotic pressure associated with changes in glomerular filtration
c. decreased glomerular filtration associated with increased flow through the loop of Henle
d. increased glomerular filtration associated with decreased peri-tubular oncotic pressure
e. thromboxane A2 mediated increased sodium reabsorption associated with increased renal blood flow
Q. Frusemide acts mainly at:
a. proximal tubule
b. thin limb of loop of Henle
c. thick limb of loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
e. collecting duct
Q. At which site does tubular fluid osmolality exceed that of plasma by the greatestamount?
a. proximal tubule
b. thin limb of loop of Henle
c. thick limb of loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
e. collecting duct
Q. At which site is sodium ion NOT actively reabsorbed?
a. proximal tubule
b. thin limb of loop of Henle
c. thick limb of loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
e. collecting duct
Q. At which site(s) is potassium ion secreted?
a. distal tubule and collecting duct
b. proximal tubule and distal tubule
c. think limb of loop of Henle only
d. thin limb and thick limb of loop of Henle
e. none of the above
Q. At which site does chlorthiazide act?
a. proximal tubule
b. thin limb of loop of Henle
c. thick limb of loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
e. collecting duct
Q. The cortical portion of the collecting duct has the capacity to reabsorb approximately 10% of the filtered water. Which substance is most important in regulating this effect?
a. angiotensin II
b. histamine
c. vasopressin
d. sodium
e. prostaglandins
Q. With respect to GFR:
a. clearance of p-amino hippuric acid is used to determine GFR
b. inulin cannot be used to measure GFR
c. GFR is usually reduced in ureteric obstruction
d. filtration pressure changes with change in blood pressure
e. contraction of mesangial cells increases GFR
Q. With respect to the loop of Henle:
a. the ascending limb is highly permeable to water
b. the descending limb is impermeable to water
c. the thick ascending limb co-transports sodium, potassium and chloride out of the lumen
d. tubular fluid becomes concentrated as it passes through the ascending limb
e. the ascending limb removes approximately 15% of filtered water
Q. Mesangial cells:
a. are specialised cells that are characterised by numerous pseudopodia
b. are made to contract by dopamine
c. are made to contract by angiotensin II
d. lie within the renal medulla
e. decrease the area for filtration when they relax
Q. Regarding the proximal tubule, the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. sodium is co-transported out of the tubule with glucose
b. sodium is actively transported into the intercellular spaces by Na-K-ATPase
c. the cells are characterised by a brush border and tight junctions
d. vasopressin increases the permeability to water by causing the rapid insertion of water channels into the luminal membrane
e. water moves passively out of the tubule along osmotic gradients
Q. Renal autoregulation of GFR helps prevent large fluctuations in GFR despite wide variations in arterial blood pressure. With regard to autoregulation, which is TRUE?
a. the macula densa cells sense change in afferent arteriolar pressure
b. falling GFR results in a feedback to decrease efferent arteriolar pressure
c. falling GFR results in an increase in renin secretion from macula densa cells
d. decreased macula densa concentration of NaCl results in dilatation of afferent arterioles
e. decreased GFR decreases NaCl reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
Q. Aldosterone has its principle effect in the:
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. descending loop of Henle
c. thick ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting ducts