Top 550+ Solved Physiology MCQ Questions Answer

a. U/P ratio for creatinine is 150mg/dl

b. U/P ratio for glucose is 10

c. Na concentration in the urine usually exceeds over 150mg/dl

d. the usual glucose excretion in the urine is 100mg/dl

e. collecting duct

a. proximal convoluted tubular cells have lateral intercellular spaces

b. the cells in the descending loop of Henle have large numbers of mitochondria

c. the ascending loop of Henle contributes to the formation of juxtaglomerular apparatus

d. in humans only 15% of the nephrons have long loops

e. collecting duct

a. 90% of the water is absorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule

b. renal threshold for glucose is 300mg/dl

c. the main mechanism of the Na reabsorption from the tubular fluid to proximal convoluted tubule is via Na/K/ATP a pump

d. the main mechanism of Na absorption in the ascending loop of Henle is via cotransport of Na/K/2Cl:

e. collecting duct

a. distal convoluted tubule

b. proximal convoluted tubule

c. cortical part of the collecting duct

d. medullary part of collecting duct

e. thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

a. the main buffer system is H2PO4

b. the main mechanism of H+ secretion in the proximal tubule is via proton pump

c. dibasic phosphate buffer is most effective at proximal convoluted tubule

d. the H+ secretion at proximal tubule is mediated Na/K/ATPase

e. thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

a. renin has many functions including the formation of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen

b. after nephrectomy, circulating levels of prorenin fall

c. renin is formed in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney

d. active renin has a half-life in the circulation of 40 minutes or less

e. prorenin is biologically active

a. sodium depletion

b. diuretics

c. hypertension

d. cardiac failure

e. cirrhosis

a. prostaglandins

b. angiotensin II

c. vasopressin

d. increased afferent arteriolar pressure

e. increased Na+ and Cl- reabsorption across the macular densa

a. 7.40 24.1 40

b. 7.50 30.1 40

c. 6.96 5.0 23

d. 7.34 33.5 64

e. 7.48 18.7 26

a. 15%

b. 20%

c. 25%

d. 30%

e. 35%

a. noradrenaline constricts the renal vessels

b. dopamine causes renal vasodilation and natriuresis

c. angiotensin II exerts a constrictor effect on the efferent arterioles

d. prostaglandins increase blood flow in the renal cortex and decrease blood flow in the renal medulla

e. acetylcholine produces renal vasoconstriction

a. is produced in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney

b. production is stimulated by theophylline

c. secretion is facilitated by the acidosis that develops at high altitude

d. has a half-life in the circulation of about 5 hours

e. is produced predominantly in the spleen in neonates

a. ANP

b. dopamine

c. PGE2

d. cAMP

e. angiotensin II

a. inhibition of vasopressin secretion

b. inhibition of the action of vasopressin on the collecting duct

c. production of an osmotic diuresis

d. decreasing tubular reabsorption of Na and increasing GFR

e. inhibition of the Na+ -K+ -Cl- cotransporter in the medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

a. frusemide acts on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

b. antagonists to V2 vasopressin receptors act on the early portion of the distal convoluted tubule

c. thiazides act primarily on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

d. loop diuretics act on the collecting ducts

e. aldosterone antagonists act on the early portion of the distal convoluted tubule