Top 550+ Solved Physiology MCQ Questions Answer
Q. Regarding the bladder:
a. the external urethral sphincter is made up of smooth muscle cells
b. the internal urethral sphincter does not encircle the urethra
c. pelvic nerves (S2-S4) supply the external sphincter
d. when the bladder is stretched, tension is maintained
e. relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter assists micturition
Q. Which substance relaxes mesangial cells?
a. angiotensin II
b. ADH
c. noradrenaline
d. thromboxane A2
e. ANP
Q. Concerning the kidneys:
a. normal glomerular filtration rate is 250ml/minute
b. normal renal plasma flow is 125ml/minute
c. normal filtration fraction is 0.19
d. blood flow is normally higher in the medulla than the cortex
e. normal blood volume in the kidneys at any one time is 250ml
Q. Regarding renal handling of substances:
a. urea is filtered, but not secreted
b. most sodium is resorbed in the loop of Henle
c. creatinine is not filtered, but is resorbed
d. potassium is filtered, but not secreted
e. chloride is secreted and resorbed
Q. Which of the following is transported via active transport?
a. chloride
b. hydrogen
c. glucose
d. urea
e. bicarbonate
Q. Concerning the respiratory exchange ration (R)
a. it falls during exercise
b. it falls in metabolic acidosis
c. the stomach has a positive R during secretion of acid
d. it rises after ingestion of alkali
e. at steady state, it equals the respiratory quotient
Q. Regarding fat metabolism, all are true EXCEPT:
a. brown fat is characterised by a H+ short circuit protein in the mitochondria
b. heparin is a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase
c. ketone bodies accumulate in diabetic ketoacidosis due to reduced removal from the circulation
d. the essential fatty acids are used to produce autocoids
e. there is no major pathway for converting fat to carbohydrate
Q. Triiodothyronine:
a. is less potent than thyroxine
b. deficiency causes yellow skin due to keratin buildup
c. acts via a tyrosine kinase predominantly
d. causes an increase in Na+ /K+ ATPase activity
e. in both, deficiency but no excess leads to muscle weakness
Q. Mesangial cells:
a. have a role in the control of GFR
b. are similar to other endothelial cells in the vascular tree
c. are responsible for tubuloglomerular balance
d. contract in response to dopamine
e. relax in response to vasopressin
Q. With regard to water excretion:
a. 280 l is filtered per day
b. it is impossible to excrete more than 23 l/day
c. most regulation is via manipulation of the gradients along the loop of Henle
d. vasopressin acts to insert water channels into the basolateral cell membrane of the collecting ducts
e. water reabsorption in the collecting ducts can alter by a factor of 2.5 dependent on the presence of vasopressin
Q. All of the following are transported across renal tubular cell membranes by secondary active transport, using the energy of the active transport of Na+ , EXCEPT:
a. glucose
b. lactate
c. citrate
d. H+
e. K+
Q. Regarding the control of GFR:
a. increasing ANP causes contraction of mesangial cells
b. glomerular cap are less permeable than skeletal
c. oedema of kidney causes increase in renal intent po????
d. efferent arterioles have low reninlard
e. hypoproteinaemia increases GFR
Q. Regarding osmotic diuresis:
a. is secondary to decreased ADH
b. results in hypertonic urine
c. increased water reabsorption in PCT
d. may be seen in patients with diabetes ketoacidosis
e. may be seen in patients with diabetes insipidis
Q. Effective renal plasma flow is best measured using:
a. inulin
b. glucose
c. PAH
d. urea
e. creatinine
Q. Substance X is freely filtered by the glomerulus and is not reabsorbed, nor secreted nor metabolized. If - serum x concentration = 0.020 mg/ml renal artery x concentration = 0.020 mg/ml renal vein x concentration = 0.002 mg/ml urine x concentration = 14 mg/ml urine flow = 54 ml/hr lymphatic x concentration = 0.00001 mg/ml haematocrit = 0.45Then the CLEARANCE of X is:
a. 10.5 ml/min
b. 630 ml/min
c. 10.5 mg/min
d. 630 mg/min
e. 60 ml/min