Top 50+ Solved Endocrine and Gastrointestinal Tract MCQ Questions Answer

a. epinephrine is formed by the hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tyrosine

b. 10% of the cells are the epinephrine-secreting type

c. plasma norepinephrine levels are generally unchanged after adrenalectomy

d. catecholamine t1/2 is 10 minutes in the circulation

a. the zona glomerulosa has 17 alpha-hydroxylase and no aldosterone synthase

b. all the cholesterol is synthesised from acetate

c. zona fasciculata makes up 10% of the mass of the adrenal gland

d. angiotensin II binds to receptors in the zona reticularis

a. D cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide

b. A cells are the most common

c. they are most plentiful in the body of the pancreas

d. blood from the islets drain into the hepatic portal vein

a. lymph nodes

b. spleen

c. brain

d. anterior pituitary gland

a. stimulation of insulin secretion after a carbohydrate meal

b. stimulation of gastric acid secretion

c. stimulation of gastric motility

d. contraction of gastro-oesophageal junction musculature

a. increases the respiratory quotient to values > 1.0

b. has a specific dynamic action (SDA) of approximately 10%

c. endogenous protein breakdown is inhibited by glucagon

d. creatinine excretion is not depressed in starvation

a. ketone bodies accumulate in DKA due to a lack of acetyl-CoA substrate

b. fatty acids are transported in the plasma bound to lipoprotein complexes

c. cholesterol is transported from extra-hepatic cells to the liver by high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the endogenous pathway

d. eicosanoids are synthesised from cholesterol

a. binds to GLUT 1-5 receptors in the peripheral tissues

b. deficiency results in increased gluconeogenesis

c. has a plasma half-life of 2-3 hours

d. is secreted by the pancreatic A cells

a. osteoclasts secrete alkaline phosphatase

b. osteoblasts are haemopoietic derivatives of monocyte lineage

c. 1,25(OH)2 ???D3 and PTH stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

d. oestrogens are thought to be protective of osteoporosis as their main effect is osteoblasts stimulation

a. somatostatin

b. thiazide diuretics

c. propranolol

d. insulin

a. cAMP

b. ATP

c. creatine phosphate

d. ADP

a. adenosine triphosphate is a low energy phosphate

b. reduction involves loss of hydrogen or electrons

c. oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum

d. ATP is precursor of cyclic AMP

a. the ligament of Treitz the jejunum becomes the ileum

b. the distance pylorus to ileocecal valve in living humans is 700cm

c. malabsorption syndrome may develop if 25% of the small intestine is removed

d. colonic peristalsis is the first smooth muscle action of the GIT to return after abdominal operation

a. little T3 is produced peripherally by deiodination T4

b. albumin has more capacity to bind thyroid hormones than TBG

c. TBG has less affinity for thyroid hormone than albumin

d. thyroid hormones stimulate lipogenesis

a. standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1° from 15-16°C

b. standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of mercury 1° from 17-18°C

c. the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 17-18°C

d. the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C