Q. Regarding jugular pressure waves: (Solved)
1. the ‘v’ wave denotes the increased atrial pressure due to the bulging of the tricuspid valve during isovolumetric ventricular contraction
2. in tricuspid insufficiency, there is a giant ‘A’ wave with each ventricular systole
3. atrial premature beats produce an ‘A’ wave
4. the ‘v’ wave occurs during systole
5. a giant ‘C’ wave (‘cannon wave’) may be seen in complete heart block
- c. atrial premature beats produce an ‘A’ wave