Q. When the upper column does not provide full bearing area over lower column, the column splice is provided with the following assumption (Solved)
1. Bearing plate is assumed as a short beam to transmit the axial load to the lower column section
2. Axial load is assumed to be taken by flanges
3. Load transmitted from the flanges of upper column and reactions from the flanges of lower columns are equal and form a couple
4. All the above
- d. All the above